Sam Smith - This month marks the one hundredth
anniversary of the start of World War One, the biggest war that most
Americans never think about.
I'm one of the exceptions
for two reasons. The first is that I came to
comprehend an aspect of the conflict that is generally ignored. World
War One helped introduce a culture of modernity that so changed the
power of institutions over the individual that the latter would become
what Erich Fromm called homo mechanicus, "attracted to all that
is mechanical and inclined against all that is alive." Becoming, in
fact, a part of the machinery -- willing to kill or to die just to keep
it running.
For example, with Auschwitz-like
efficiency, over 6,000 people perished every day during World War I for
1,500 days. Richard Rubenstein recounts that on the first day of the
Battle of the Somme, the British lost 60,000 men and half the officers
assigned to them. But the internal bureaucratic logic of the war did not
falter at all; over the next six months, more than a million British,
French and German soldiers would lose their lives. The total British
advance during this period: six miles. No one in that war was a person
anymore. The seeds of the Holocaust can thus be found in the trenches of
World War I. It is no accident that Hitler and Lenin turned to the
teachings of
American technocratic apostle Frederick Winslow Taylor to carry out
their evil or that the Nazis used IBM cards to help manage their death
camps. Individuals had became no better than the bullets that killed
them, just part of the expendable arsenal of the state.
The
second reason I can't forget the war is that, while it occurred long
before my birth, it caused death to hang like a shroud over my family.
My mother's brother was killed by a shell as he he served as liaison
between airplanes and the artillery - part of a three year period in
which my grandfather also lost his wife and sister.
My
uncle's first cousin was an aviator with the famed Lafayette Escadrille
who lost his life a few months earlier while on a scouting mission over
German territory. According to one account, "It was almost a year later
that the remains
of his charred Spad were located about three kilometers south of
Montdidier, with a lone grave close by, marked with broken pieces of the
plane."The Escadrille consisted of American pilots who joined the
French Army to fight against the Germans before the US entered the war.
In all, 65 American pilots died while in the Lafayette Escadrille and
the Lafayette Flying Corps.
Another uncle whom I would
never meet came back from the war and, according to one of his
grandsons, never smiled again. He had been involved in moving dead
bodies from the front. Suffering from what we would call post traumatic
stress syndrome, he committed suicide ten years later.
Finally,
one of my father's brothers was lost near Lisbon while serving as an
officer aboard Admiral William Halsey's first command. The then
Commander Halsey wrote my grandfather:
"Your son was in
charge of the forecastle and with the men was busy all the way down the
river securing things for sea. As we got to the entrance it was seen
there was a large sea running, so we slowed barely to steerage way. We
finally ordered all hands off the forecastle. Your son requested
permission to stay and secure a hatch. As the safety of the vessel
depended on this hatch being secured, permission was granted. . .
Scarcely three minutes later a high white wall of water was seen bearing
down on us. There was no time to yell more than 'hold on' when the sea
hit us. When it cleared, even high up on the bridge where I was, I was
gasping for breath from the effects of the water. Life buoys were let go
and searchlights were turned on, but your son and young Arthur were
never seen again."
When history hits that close to home that often, it's hard to ignore or forget
